Rendimiento de variables neuromusculares y cardiorrespiratorias en jugadoras de fútbol
Resumen
Introducción: El fútbol es el deporte más popular del mundo, con un aumento de participantes femeninas en los últimos años. En consecuencia, cada vez hay más deportistas jóvenes. A medida que las atletas femeninas se vuelven más profesionales, las exigencias físicas aumentan tanto en el entrenamiento como en la competición. Objetivo: comparar variables de rendimiento neuromuscular y cardiorrespiratorio en jugadoras de fútbol. Materiales y Métodos: la muestra estuvo constituida por 32 deportistas divididos en dos grupos, grupo juvenil (GJ) y grupo adulto (GA), conteniendo 16 deportistas en ambos grupos. La recolección de datos se realizó en dos visitas. En el primero se realizaron evaluaciones de masa corporal total (TBM), altura, prueba de cambio de dirección Zig-Zag (ZIGZAG) y prueba de recuperación intermitente Yo-Yo nivel 1 (YYIR1). En el segundo se realizaron las pruebas de salto vertical, el test de carrera de 20 metros (V20m) y el test de velocidad anaeróbica de carrera (RAST). Resultados: se mostró una diferencia significativa entre GJ y GA para la edad, distancia YYIR1, volumen máximo de oxígeno (VO2 máx), salto con contramovimiento (CMJ), salto con contramovimiento utilizando miembros superiores (ABALAKOV) y V20m con (p<0,05). Se presentaron correlaciones positivas entre V20m y ZIGZAG (r=0,54; p<0,05); salto y YYIR1(r= 0,53 a 0,69; p<0,05); pero correlación negativa entre ZIGZAG y YYIR1 (r=-0,45; p<0,05). Se observó una correlación negativa entre el salto y V20m (r=-0,41 a -0,77; p<0,05). Conclusión: los deportistas adultos tienen un mejor rendimiento neuromuscular y cardiorrespiratorio. El rendimiento de YYIR1 se relacionó con V20m y el salto independientemente del grupo.Citas
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