Optimización del control de la carga de entrenamiento en el fútbol juvenil: enfoque en atletas subélite sub-17 y sub-19
Palabras clave:
Monitorización de la carga de entrenamiento, Subélite, Fútbol juvenil, Percepción subjetiva del esfuerzoResumen
Este estudio investigó las variaciones en la carga de entrenamiento (CE) en futbolistas subélite sub-17 (U17) y sub-19 (U19), centrándose en la integración de medidas de carga externa e interna. Mediante sistemas de posicionamiento global (GPS) y la Escala de Percepción del Esfuerzo (RPE), se recopilaron datos de 24 sesiones de entrenamiento durante seis semanas de pretemporada. Las métricas GPS, como la distancia total, la carrera a alta velocidad y la distancia de esprint, cuantificaron las demandas físicas, mientras que la RPE evaluó el esfuerzo subjetivo. Veintiséis jugadores participaron en el estudio (13 U17 y 13 U19), y se compararon los patrones de CE entre las categorías de edad y a lo largo de los días de entrenamiento. Los resultados revelaron diferencias mínimas en la carga externa entre los jugadores U17 y U19, observándose valores ligeramente superiores en los jugadores U19 para la carrera a alta velocidad y los esprints. Los valores de RPE fueron consistentes entre los grupos, lo que confirma su fiabilidad para evaluar la percepción del esfuerzo. El análisis de regresión destacó asociaciones significativas entre la percepción del esfuerzo (RPE) y variables de carga externa, como la velocidad media y máxima, enfatizando la interacción entre medidas objetivas y subjetivas. El análisis mediante un mapa de calor demostró además correlaciones entre las variables de carga de entrenamiento, destacando la relación dinámica entre las demandas físicas y el esfuerzo percibido. Los hallazgos respaldan el uso combinado de métricas GPS y RPE para una monitorización integral de la carga de entrenamiento, proporcionando un marco para equilibrar las demandas del entrenamiento y el bienestar del jugador.
Citas
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