RBFF - Brazilian Journal of Futsal and Football

Cartographies of gay football in Brazil: mapping of groups, competitions, and sports spaces

Daniel Giordani Vasques, Yasmin Bortoli Führ, Nicole Marceli Nunes Cardoso — Fri, 07 Nov 2025 10:50:26 -0800

Football has historically been a space for reproducing heteronormative norms, making it difficult for dissident bodies to be included in the sport. In this context, gay football teams and competitions emerge as forms of resistance and the creation of new spaces of belonging for the LGBTQIAPN+ population. This study aims to map the groups, competitions, and spaces where gay football is practiced in Brazil, offering a cartography of the territorial dynamics of this sporting practice. The research follows a qualitative approach and uses documentary analysis of regulations, social media, and journalistic coverage. The results indicate that gay football in Brazil is primarily structured in large urban centers, with a significant concentration in the South and Southeast regions, reflecting regional inequalities in inclusive sports practices. Additionally, digital analyses reveal that teams use social media to strengthen their collective identity and challenge traditional football norms. Although media coverage is increasing, the topic remains marginalized, mostly restricted to specific events. It is concluded that gay football is an expanding phenomenon but faces challenges related to institutionalization, funding, and visibility. This study reinforces the importance of social cartography as a tool for understanding the territorialization of dissident sports practices and for supporting policies that expand access to sports for the LGBTQIAPN+ population.

Analysis of the total audience at the stadiums of the spanish football league

Eduardo Filipe Morais de Aquino — Fri, 07 Nov 2025 10:48:14 -0800

The objective of this article is to find out the average attendance for the last five seasons of La Liga (Spanish Football League). To this end, editions in which, in some way, the number of fans in the stadium were affected by Covid-19 will be excluded, with the 2019-20, 2020-21 and 2021-22 seasons being excluded from the analysis. Regarding methodology, this study is classified as quantitative. It was concluded that there was a fluctuation in the total audience; however, the increase in the total number of spectators between the 2018/19 and 2022/23 seasons was greater than triple the sum of the declines in attendance between the other seasons.

Socioeconomic, anthropometric, body composition profile and quality of life of female college futsal players during training and competition periods

Fri, 07 Nov 2025 10:46:00 -0800

Introduction and Objective: Women compete in various sports, and the assessment of quality of life during training and competition is rarely studied in the literature. The objective of this study was to assess socioeconomic, anthropometric, and body composition characteristics and compare the quality of life of female players between training and competition periods. Materials and Methods: This observational, prospective study was conducted between April 2023 and September 2024 with two women's futsal teams. Anthropometric, sociodemographic, and economic characteristics, anthropometric and body composition measurements, training frequency, and an Athlete Quality of Life Questionnaire were collected. Results: Eighteen female players were evaluated, aged 30.4±7.6 years, 55.6% with completed higher education, social class B (61.1%), 12.2±7.1 years of training time and 10.7±8.1 years of competition, weight of 81.3 kg, height of 1.65 m, Body Mass Index of 30.0 kg/m2, 26.0% body fat, 18.5 kg of fat mass and 49.6 kg of lean mass. The players presented scores of 3.1 and 2.4 in the dimensions of "Signs and Symptoms of Overtraining" during training and competition, 3.3 and 3.2 in "Basic Health Conditions," 3.8 and 3.3 in "Social Relationships in the Sports Environment," 2.3 and 1.8 in "Athlete's Emotional State," and 2.0 and 2.0 in the dimension of "Sports Training Planning and Periodization." Conclusion: No differences were observed in the dimensions of quality of life between training and competition, nor was there a significant correlation with training frequency.

Effect of relative age on the classification of football teams in the São Paulo junior football cup

Igor de Azevedo Nogueira, Antonio Coppi Navarro — Fri, 07 Nov 2025 10:43:14 -0800

Introduction: The study on the effect of relative age is important for professionals in Physical Education, aiming to develop strategies that minimize inequalities in the formative process of players. Objectives: To analyze the presence and influence of relative age in the selection of players and the classification of teams in the São Paulo Junior Football Cup in the years 2019 and 2020. Materials and Methods: A total of 128 teams in 2019 and 127 teams in 2020 were analyzed, comprising 6,984 players (with an average of 25 per team in 2019 and 29 in 2020). The athletes’ birth data, available from specialized websites (www.zerozero.pt) and (www.ogol.com.br), were organized into spreadsheets by birth quartiles (Q1 to Q4) and compared between classified and eliminated teams. Results: A predominance of players born in the first half of the year was observed among the teams participating in both editions of the tournament. In 2019, 87,50% of the teams exhibited this characteristic, while 9,38% had a higher proportion of players born in the second half of the year. In 2020, these figures were 90,55% and 7,87%, respectively. Discussion: In line with other studies, the presence of the relative age effect was confirmed during the analyzed seasons. However, this factor did not prove to be decisive for the success of teams in the competition. Conclusion: Relative age was significant in the selection of players for the São Paulo Junior Football Cup, with a higher selection of athletes born in the first half of the year. However, this effect did not directly influence the teams’ performance in the later stages of the tournament.

Effects of modifying rules related to fair play in competition on the acquisition of values in U-10 football players

Fri, 07 Nov 2025 10:41:12 -0800

Competitions in training stages replicate the formats and systems of professional sports, as well as the negative consequences. Youth sports programs must include adequate planning for personal development and the promotion of values in their objectives, considering the age, sociocultural context, and characteristics of the young athletes to whom they are directed. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of a fair play score and classification valued by the team, rivals, and parents/guardians on a scale of 0 to 1, resulting in an average that was the final team's fair play score, with an extra point given for a white card (positive attitudes) or subtracting it (negative attitudes) shown by the referee during the match. A quasi-experimental A-B design was used to determine the impact of the rule changes. The players (n=51) competed in two tournaments with two competition formats (official rules and modified rules), and their values were assessed using the AMDYSQ (Attitudes to Moral Decision-making in Youth Sport Questionnaire) both before and after the tournament. The results show that the best results occur immediately before the competitions, with increasing values associated with fewer sporting behaviours in the unmodified tournament and nearly returning to baseline values in the modified tournament. The new proposed approach appears to shift the perspective and orientation of all competition agents, fostering positive values and an ethical approach primarily focusing not only on performance but also on the personal and moral development of young players.

Modern perspectives on match outcomes in football: blocked shots

Faruk Albay, İzzet İslamoğlu, Yıldırım Kayacan — Fri, 07 Nov 2025 10:39:20 -0800

The aim of this study is to examine the impact of blocked shots on match outcomes in football matches. In the 2023-24 season, the total number of shots, blocked shots, and blocked shot ratios of winning (WT) and losing (LT) teams in the top-tier football leagues of Germany, England, Spain, Italy, Turkey, Argentina, and Brazil were compared and analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The findings indicate that LT generally had higher blocked shot percentages (BS%) compared to winning teams, while their average number of blocked shots (BS) was lower. The differences in BS% were found to be statistically significant (p<0.05) in the leagues of Germany, England, Spain, Italy, Turkey, and Argentina, whereas no significant difference was observed in the Brazilian league (P=0.69). Regarding BS averages, a statistically significant difference was found only in the Argentine league. Additionally, winning teams were generally found to have a higher total number of shots. This study is the first to evaluate the blocked shot parameter in football in the context of winning and losing from an offensive perspective. It is suggested that teams with lower BS% ratios may have more strategic shot selections, allowing them to bypass defensive blocks more effectively. In this context, blocked shots are not only an indicator of defensive success but also a reflection of the attacking team's deficiencies in positioning and shot quality. Previous literature has primarily considered blocked shots as a result of defensive success. However, this study is the first to reveal that the shots of winning teams were less frequently blocked by losing teams. It is suggested that attacking teams should develop more effective passing organizations and fast passing combinations to minimize the success of the opposing defense in blocking shots.

Challenges in women's football: athlete profile and analysis of trauma-orthopedic injuries

Fri, 07 Nov 2025 10:36:42 -0800

Introduction: Women's football faces considerable challenges. Musculoskeletal injuries remain common, often caused by exertion, abrupt movements, and physical contact. Muscle and mental fatigue impact performance and increase injury risks, with sprains and ligament ruptures, particularly in the knee, being the most frequent. Objective: To analyze the socio-clinical profile of female football players. Materials and Methods: This observational, cross-sectional, quantitative, and descriptive study was conducted with 10 female athletes. It included sociodemographic questionnaires and evaluation tests such as the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), specific tests for knee and ankle injuries, and manual muscle tests to assess lower limb strength. Data were analyzed descriptively. Results: The results revealed that the athletes were aged between 18 and 27 years, with an average age of 22.5 years. Most reported a history of injuries, particularly knee sprains and ACL ruptures. These injuries occurred during training and competitions. Recovery periods ranged from two weeks to one and a half years, with 30% of athletes reporting performance changes following injuries. Final Considerations: The results highlight that sport plays a significant role in injury occurrence, emphasizing the importance of preventive programs and risk factor analysis. Identifying and understanding injuries in female athletes are crucial for reducing injury frequency and improving athletic performance.

Quantitative analysis of different aspects of goals in the 2023 women's world cup

Marília Castejon Santana, Armando Seno Lourenço Silva, Izabela A. Santos — Fri, 07 Nov 2025 10:32:10 -0800

Introduction: Women's football has gained significant popularity but continues to need help with the availability of statistical data compared to men's football. As the primary objective on the field, goals need more detailed studies in the context of women's football. This study aimed to conduct a quantitative analysis of goals scored during the 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup. Materials and Methods: 163 goals from 64 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup matches were analyzed. The analysis included goals scored for and against and those scored in extra time. Data were segmented by game time, players' tactical positions, physical means of scoring, and field location. Results: Most goals were scored in the final minutes of the matches, especially during the group stage (19.84%). Open-play goals dominated (70.16% in the group stage), with forwards being the primary goal scorers. In terms of location, the majority of goals were scored within the penalty box. Conclusion: During the group stage, goals tended to be scored in the final minutes, while in the round of 16 and quarter-finals, most goals occurred in the first half. In the tournament's final stages, goals were scored at varying times without a consistent temporal pattern. Most goals resulted from open play, with forwards being the key contributors. Regarding location, most goals were scored inside the penalty box, followed by the goal area, with long-range goals being less frequent.

The perception of effort of futsal goalkeepers

Ricardo Exterhotter Bastos, Vinicius Marcon Moreira, Paulo Roberto Alves Falk — Fri, 07 Nov 2025 10:30:07 -0800

This study analyzed the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) of futsal goalkeepers in specific training sessions. This qualitative, cross-sectional, and descriptive research was conducted with three professional goalkeepers in Lages-SC. Data collection involved questionnaires and the CR10 Borg scale, completed by athletes and their coach after each training session. Results showed discrepancies between the coach's intended intensity and the goalkeepers’ perceived exertion, with goalkeeper 1 showing 58% agreement, goalkeeper 2, 41%, and goalkeeper 3, 40%. Factors such as experience, age, and injury history influenced individual effort perception. The study highlights the importance of monitoring RPE to adjust training loads, respecting the athletes' biological individuality. It concludes that RPE is a relevant tool but should be supplemented with other monitoring methods to optimize goalkeepers’ physical preparation.

Organizational climate in the training environment of high-performance futsal teams

Edgar Duarte Camilo, Paulo Roberto Alves Falk — Fri, 07 Nov 2025 10:27:44 -0800

High-performance futsal has as its exclusive goal the search for the best result. There are a number of factors that interconnect the management of a team and one of them is the qualification of the professionals that form the body of a team. The organizational climate within an income environment is directly related to the degree of satisfaction and motivation of its participants. Within futsal, it is essential to recognize the climate, to perfect the process of athletic development. This study was conducted through a questionnaire with closed questions and questions, directly athletes of futsal income teams. It is designed as a quantitative survey. According to the expected objectives, we can conclude with this research that the organizational climate influences the performance of athletes and that they have an influential view on aspects of management. In the sample studied the results on the climate are satisfactory and it seems to favor the yield in the training and consequently within the blocks. Motivation, respect, participation, autonomy, and innovation are affirmed as possible to the athletes in their futsal performance, and this promotes an organizational climate that allows personal and professional satisfaction. To conclude, it is recommended that the coach, usually responsible for the success or failure of the teams, promote good environments, with leadership and respect for the hierarchy, but with possibilities of action of all in the transformation of training.

Fatigue in futsal kicking

Fri, 07 Nov 2025 10:22:30 -0800

During the warm-up of a futsal game, athletes perform a series of exercises, including kicking, without having a reference for the appropriate volume of high-power kicks. How does the volume of high-power kicks during the warm-up affect the physiological fatigue of futsal players and their ability to execute effective kicks throughout the match? This study aimed to investigate the impact of the volume of high-power kicks during the warm-up on the physiological fatigue of amateur and professional players in the city of Lages-SC. The research is characterized as applied, with an experimental technical procedure. For data collection, the Doppler speed measurement test of a football was performed on 10 athletes (5 professionals and 5 amateurs). The data analysis methodology will be both quantitative and qualitative. The results of this study indicate that warming up with a high volume of kicks can be a predominant factor in fatigue of kick power during a futsal match, both for professional and amateur athletes, with the warm-up excluding kicks that do not contribute to an increase in kick power. This study represents an opportunity to contribute to a still under-researched area, as well as to highlight the importance of exploring and developing new warm-up methods that can optimize athletes' performance, both professional and amateur.

Sportswashing and the global changing dynamics in international image making

Kelechi Johnmary Ani, John Chimezie Onu — Fri, 07 Nov 2025 10:20:15 -0800

This paper examined the origin of sportswashing with special focus on the forms and impact associated with it. It equally looked at the ways sportswashing is impacting civic space as a result of the changing dynamics. Data were collected and analysed from both governmental and non-governmental sources. Information from journals, book chapters and online newspapers were consulted during the course of this research work. The key findings of this paper reveals the unprecedented pace sportswashing has taken since the dawn of a new millennium and the potentials of it spreading. Therefore, both authors have recommended as a matter of urgency, the need for sporting bodies to take pragmatic steps such as incorporating human rights and climate change and environmental policies to their framework for accepting a country, corporate entities and individuals as a host, sponsors, partners and funders of any sports events.

Sports development and transformations in Qatar

Kelechi Johnmary Ani, John Chimezie Onu — Fri, 07 Nov 2025 10:16:54 -0800

This study investigated the development and transformation of sports in Qatar with special focus on the strategies used, impact recorded so far and the challenges that the development has brought. The study was developed using Stern and Ojendal's schools of thought on development: development as a catalyst for state-building strategy and development as an impasse. Data were collected and analysed from journals, government and nongovernmental reports, in addition to online newspapers that were utilised during the course of this research work. The key finding of the study is that sports transformation and development in Qatar is a coin having two sides: one side of the coin is it success and impact while on the other flip is the challenges or harm it is causing. Therefore, both authors have argued there is a need for development to have human face: improving the lives of the most vulnerable. Thus, there is a need for Qatar to address these challenges caused by it huge investments in sports.

Ball possession and match results of national football leagues in Europe: a study of the 2023-2024 season

Faruk Albay, Izzet Islamoglu, Yıldırım Kayacan — Fri, 07 Nov 2025 10:14:06 -0800

Objective: The relationship between a football team's possession percentage and its victory has been the subject of numerous studies, with varying findings. The aim of this research is to examine the relationship between ball possession and match outcome in major European football leagues during the 2023-2024 season. Materials and Method: Ball possession percentages, as well as the number of wins, losses, and draws in the English, Spanish, German, and Turkish football leagues, were obtained and compared using the Wyscout statistics database. One-way analysis of variance was applied to normally distributed data, and Tukey post-hoc tests were used for league comparisons. A significance level of p<0.05 was considered statistically significant for all tests. Results: The research findings showed that teams that won matches had significantly higher ball possession percentages (p=0.001). In league comparisons, except for Turkey, leagues with higher possession percentages also showed significantly higher match win rates (p=0.001). The lowest ball possession percentage among winning teams was observed in the Turkish Süper Lig (p=0.006). In contrast, the highest ball possession percentage among losing teams was found in the Turkish league (p=0.005). Conclusion: It is known that variations in the correlation between match wins and ball possession percentages across studies depend on seasons, countries, and the football characteristics of the leagues. However, the findings of the present research indicate that, in line with current data, ball possession is a significant predictor of match victory in the leading leagues around the world.

Influence of the menstrual cycle on the sports performance of female football players: A systematic review

Fri, 07 Nov 2025 10:12:09 -0800

The hormonal variability inherent to the menstrual cycle has aroused growing interest in the scientific and sports community. The search for increasingly expressive results reinforces the need for an in-depth understanding of the subject and its influence on sports results. This review aimed to perform a systematic analysis of the literature on the effects of the menstrual cycle on the physical performance of female football players, with an emphasis on hormonal fluctuations and their implications for sports performance. After the initial analysis of 82 studies, 7 met the inclusion criteria and were considered suitable for review. The results show significant divergences regarding the influence of hormonal fluctuations in the menstrual cycle on the performance of the athletes evaluated. It is concluded that, although some studies point to the impacts of the different phases of the menstrual cycle on sports performance, the lack of consensus in the literature, combined with methodological limitations, reveals the complexity of this relationship.

Football agents: profile, admission and training path

Fri, 07 Nov 2025 10:09:39 -0800

Given this scenario, such professionals need to seek comprehensive training and continuous updates in different areas, aiming at a broad understanding of their profession, with the aim of contributing to the career development of the football athlete. Therefore, the general objective of this study was to analyze the profile, entry and trajectory of football agents responsible for managing the careers of professional athletes. This qualitative, cross-sectional, exploratory and descriptive research had ten football agents as study participants, regularized with the Brazilian Football Confederation and with at least three years of registration. To this end, a semi-structured interview was carried out, in which all ethical precepts were respected. The results indicate that the average age of the agents interviewed is forty years old and the average experience is ten years. All interviewees admit that they had influences when entering the career and had previous experience in other areas of the modality or in other branches before entering the role. Football agents declared academic training in eight degrees and only four interviewees mentioned taking additional training courses in the area. It was understood that there is no single training path to be followed to become a football agent, however, the complementary training carried out and, above all, the experiences experienced throughout the profession, together with the networking acquired, may dictate the professional trajectory. These findings will contribute to understanding the relationships between football agents and professional football athletes and will help others involved and football clubs with career management in the sport, contributing indirectly to the sports field.

The relationship between squat and countermovement jumps in futsal players is influenced by pubertal stage

Fri, 07 Nov 2025 10:06:26 -0800

Squat jumps (SJ) and countermovement jumps (CMJ) are widely used in the assessment and training of lower limb muscle strength in futsal athletes and other sports disciplines. Although they share similarities, these jumps have specific characteristics. The objective of this study was to investigate the common variance explained between SJ and CMJ in young futsal athletes at different pubertal stages. The sample consisted of 76 futsal male athletes, aged 9 to 17 years, divided according to pubertal stage (26 pre-pubertal, 25 pubertal, and 25 post-pubertal). The peak height velocity (PHV) calculation was used to assess the pubertal stage. Standardized SJ and CMJ were evaluated. Pearson correlation analysis was used to verify the relationship between the jumps, with a significance level of p≤0.05. The results revealed strong and significant correlations between SJ and CMJ for pre-pubertal individuals (r = 0.89; p<0.01; R² = 0.79) and post-pubertal individuals (r = 0.60; p≤0.01; R² = 0.36), and a moderate correlation for pubertal individuals (r = 0.35; p=0.09; R² = 0.13). These findings demonstrate that the common variance explained between performance in SJ and CMJ is influenced by the pubertal stage in futsal athletes.

UEFA's Financial Fair Play (FFP) regulations: empirical incidence of FFP criteria in the context of Mozambican football clubs, 2024

Fri, 07 Nov 2025 10:04:57 -0800

In recent years, football has strengthened as a relevant economic activity in the world as well as in Mozambique. However, even moving a large amount of resources, football clubs are often not efficient from an economic and financial point of view. Thus, this research analyzes the adequacy of the UEFA FFP criteria in Mozambican football clubs competing in the first league (Mozambique). The research is exploratory, with a quantitative approach where data from 10 clubs that participated consecutively in the first football league between 2018 and 2022 were analyzed. In the theoretical review, it was evident that the main focus of the FFP is to ensure the financial sustainability of football by preventing financial doping. The results showed that clubs do not disclose their activity and financial reports in a transparent manner. In the criterion of financial stability, they present a revenue deficit, since these are lower than the relevant expenditure. Finally, the ratio of the cost of flocking is above 90% set by the FFP. However, it can be understood that football management in Mozambique requires the implementation and monitoring of instruments that stimulate the development and economic stability of clubs, prioritizing investment in long-term projects, for example youth development and construction of infrastructures and sports academies. This study contributes to the literature on the licensing criteria of clubs participating in professional competitions, suggesting a review and adaptation of the instrument used by licensing bodies in the Mozambican context.

Optimizing training load monitoring in youth football: a focus on u17 and u19 sub-elite athletes

Fri, 07 Nov 2025 10:00:59 -0800

This study investigates TL variations in under-17 (U17) and under-19 (U19) sub-elite football players, focusing on the integration of external and internal load measures. Using global positioning systems (GPS) and Rate of Perceived Exertion (RPE), the study captured data across 24 training sessions during a six-week preseason. GPS metrics, including total distance, high-speed running, and sprint distance, quantified physical demands, while RPE assessed subjective effort. The study enrolled 26 players (13 - U17, 13 - U19), comparing TL patterns between age groups and across training days. Results revealed minimal differences in external load between U17 and U19 players, with U19 players showing slightly higher high-speed running and sprint metrics. RPE values were consistent across groups, supporting its reliability in capturing perceived effort. Regression analysis highlighted significant associations between RPE and external load variables, such as average speed and maximum running speed, emphasizing the interplay between objective and subjective measures. A heatmap analysis further demonstrated correlations among TL variables, underscoring the dynamic relationship between physical demands and effort perception. This study fills a gap in TL research for sub-elite youth football, offering insights into optimizing training programs tailored to developmental needs. The findings support the use of combined GPS and RPE metrics for comprehensive TL monitoring, providing a framework for balancing training demands with player well-being.

The effect of practice experience on athletic coping skill in amateur football players

Fri, 07 Nov 2025 09:58:59 -0800

Psychological skills are essential for athletes, as they directly influence their performance in dealing with stressors such as fear, pain, lack of confidence, and uncertainties during competitions and training. This study investigates the psychological skills of federated football players and how experience in district competitions can influence these skills. Using a cross-sectional, descriptive, and exploratory research method, this study applied the Athletic Coping Skills Inventory (ACSI-28BR) to 17 football players and subsequently compared the difference in these skills between experienced and inexperienced athlete groups. The results revealed higher scores in "Confidence/Motivation" and "Performance under Pressure", with significant differences in "Goals/Mental Preparation" between beginner and experienced players. Beginner players showed greater ability in "Dealing with Adversities", while experienced players excelled in "Performance under Pressure". The comparison be-tween G1 and G2 across the ACSI-28 subscales showed that while most subscales did not present significant differences (M = 5.14-8.85, t(16) = 0.31-1.28, p=0.21-0.75, Δ = -15.26% to 16.89%), a significant difference was observed in "Goals/Mental Preparation" (M = 5.85-7.63, t(16) = 2.28, p=0.03, Δ = -23.31%). The significant improvement in "Goals/Mental Preparation" highlights a distinct advantage for G1 in that psychological ability. These findings highlight the importance of developing personalized psychological training to en-hance coping skills and overall athlete performance.

A football competition in an IGBO community in Nigeria: focus on Umueze

Kelechi Ani, Samuel Nwachukwu — Sun, 24 Aug 2025 06:58:59 -0700

The place of football in transforming global history and social interaction cannot be neglected from one part of the globe to another. It is a major driver of national and communal development in many parts of the globe. This study used primary data and secondary materials collected from oral interviews and published sources to develop the growth and impact of football on Umueze community in Igboland Nigeria. The study found that sons and daughters of Umueze return from all over the world and interact with their people as well as invest in community development during the period of the football competition. It recommends continued transformation of the football competition as a source of societal development.

Aspects that influence the transition of athletes in training to professional level in football

Sun, 24 Aug 2025 06:57:21 -0700

This study aimed to identify the aspects that influence the transition of athletes in training to the professional level in football. Through a systematic review of the literature that used the PRISMA protocol, a total of 382 studies published on the subject between 2014 and 2024 were tracked, with 97 references on the Scielo platform and 285 on the CAPES platform. After the identification, screening and inclusion stage, a total of 11 references were included in the review. It can be observed that the literature consulted presented stakeholders in three dimensions: individual, social and environmental/sports, evidencing multifactorial stakeholders related to these different dimensions, such as those specific to the player, their alternative path, family, contacts, club and coach.

Disciplinary rules of football: a comparative analysis of foul and yellow card data across major leagues

Faruk Albay, Yıldırım Kayacan — Sun, 24 Aug 2025 06:55:35 -0700

This study aims to examine the disciplinary rules of football and their effects on different leagues. Foul and yellow card data from the English Premier League, Spanish La Liga, Italian Serie A, German Bundesliga, Brazilian Série A and Turkish Super League in the 2023-2024 season were analyzed. The research aimed to understand the differences between each league's playing style, player behavior and referee decisions. The data was retrieved from the Wyscout database and the number of fouls and yellow cards and foul/yellow card ratios of the leagues were statistically compared. The findings showed that the Brazilian league had the highest foul and yellow card averages (p=0.012, p=0.016) while the English league had the lowest number of fouls but the highest foul to yellow card conversion rate (p=0.011). This conversion rate was found to be the lowest in the Turkish and Italian leagues. These results reflect the diversity of disciplinary practices and referee decision-making mechanisms between leagues, as well as the differences in tactical understanding of players and coaches. The research highlights the need to standardize the rules of the game and improve refereeing practices. The presence of talented players in Brazilian football, their capacity to display their talents and the fact that these players can only be stopped by fouls may be one reason for the significance of the foul/yellow card ratio. The study makes important contributions to better understand the effects of game dynamics on discipline and fair play in the world's major leagues.

Bibliometric analysis of violence in football: A look from the social sciences

Antonio Aguilar Gómez — Sun, 24 Aug 2025 06:53:57 -0700

Violence in football, despite being a problem of high social relevance, continues to be addressed in a fragmented manner within the social sciences. The first episodes of violence by ultras groups in stadiums have mainly given rise to analyses focused on their causes, usually from narrative approaches. This approach is reflected in book chapters and other bibliographical texts in the social field. However, there is a clear lack of scientific literature that examines this phenomenon in a comprehensive manner, which limits the possibility of establishing a solid theoretical basis and developing effective preventive strategies. In this context, the present study aims to conduct a bibliometric analysis of violence in football, with the purpose of identifying relevant research from different social science disciplines through one of the main academic databases. For this purpose, 258 articles indexed in the Web of Science database were reviewed, using the term ‘football violence’ as the thematic search criterion. The analysis of scientific production included variables such as: a) number of articles per year, b) type of documents, c) type of articles, d) languages, e) countries, and f) citation themes. The scientific cartographic analysis also considered: a) co-authorship and b) co-occurrence of terms. VOSviewer software was used for data processing. The results showed a limited scientific production, although with a sustained growth trend from 1985 to the present. In terms of co-authorship, 517 authors were identified; however, no significant connections between their publications were observed, reflecting a limited academic cohesion around the subject and the absence of consolidated research groups, resulting in 217 independent clusters. Among the scientific disciplines that contributed relevant studies, Sociology (7 publications), Psychology (4 publications) and Social Sciences in general (1 publication) stood out. The most productive category within Web of Science was ‘Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism’. The co-occurrence analysis identified thematic clusters organised into seven main areas: 1) football culture, 2) societies and human relations, 3) study and research methodology, 4) development and social dynamics, 5) space and geographical context, 6) psychology and human behaviour, and 7) violence and security. In addition, specific sub-themes were identified, including: 1) violence in football, 2) culture and aggressive attitudes, 3) verbal violence and aggression, 4) physical violence and aggression, 5) delinquency and criminal behaviour, 6) gender violence, 7) political and radical violence, 8) social phenomena and group behaviour, 9) violent behaviour and discipline in sport, 10) violence prevention and control, 11) football-related violence, 12) hostile and threatening behaviour, 13) social and psychological issues, and 14) violence in society and general culture. In conclusion, although football violence is a major social problem, the social science approach to football violence remains limited and fragmented. This underlines the need to consolidate a more robust theoretical basis and to foster interdisciplinary and collaborative research to advance the understanding and prevention of this phenomenon.

Performance of the technical fundamentals of the champion teams of the men's football world cups in 2014, 2018 and 2022

Sun, 24 Aug 2025 06:52:21 -0700

This article aims to analyze the efficiency of the technical fundamentals of the winning teams of the 2014, 2018 and 2022 World Cups (Germany, France and Argentina, respectively). All 21 games played were observed, a total of 7 for each team. The methodology used was of a free access documentary nature, of a quantitative observational descriptive type, using the arithmetic mean to calculate ball possession and percentage to calculate finishing accuracy and passing accuracy. The Argentine football team averaged 51.1% ball possession, 87.7% passing accuracy, 14.4% finishing accuracy and scored 15 goals; The French football team, on the other hand, achieved an average of 44.8% of ball possession, 16.8% accuracy of shots, a total of 87.3% in the use of passes and 16 goals scored; Meanwhile, the German football team managed an average of 60.4% of ball possession, 18.1% of finishing accuracy, 82.4% of passing accuracy and 18 goals scored. Therefore, it can be concluded that both the German team and the Argentine team achieved dominance in the technical fundamentals in most of the games of their respective World Cup winning campaigns.

Motivational factors for physical activity engagement among male students, futsal practitioners and non-practitioners, in Anapurus

Sun, 24 Aug 2025 06:46:06 -0700

The objectives included identifying the school children involved and not involved in physical activity and futsal, identifying the factors that influence the practice of futsal and physical activity, and understanding which motivation is more predominant, whether intrinsic or extrinsic. A quantitative, cross-sectional, and descriptive approach was used for the study. The sample consisted of 192 school children, all male, with an average age of 13.6 ±1.21 years, enrolled in middle school. As a measurement instrument, a questionnaire adapted by the authors and the Motivation Inventory for Regular Physical or Sports Activities were used, which measures motivational factors at six levels: Stress Control, Health, Sociability, Competitiveness, Aesthetics, and Pleasure. In this study, differences in motivational factors were identified between school children who play futsal and those who do not. The mean and standard deviation results for the Stress Control category were 79.2 ±14.00 for practitioners and 78.1 ±16.5 for non-practitioners. For the Health category, the values were 84.9 ±12.4 for practitioners and 82.3 ±14.4 for non-practitioners. In Sociability, the values were 78.3 ±15.2 for practitioners and 76.3±15.9 for non-practitioners. In Competitiveness, practitioners scored 82.6 ±14.3, while non-practitioners scored 77.4 ±14.3. In Aesthetics, the values were 80.9 ±12.9 for practitioners and 78.7 ±15.4 for non-practitioners. Finally, for the Pleasure category, the results were 84.4 ±11.4 for practitioners and 80.7 ±14.6 for non-practitioners. Therefore, according to the data, we can observe that the health category was the most motivating for the young people among the groups, and the statistical difference suggests that participation in futsal may promote a greater sense of competitiveness among the studied youth.

Analysis of sleep quality related to cardiorespiratory performance in players from a football school in the city of Montes Claros-MG

Sun, 24 Aug 2025 06:44:11 -0700

Objective: To study the relationship between sleep quality and cardiorespiratory and anthropometric aspects of physical fitness in under-15 football players in a university extension project. Materials and methods: Observational study with a cross-sectional design, carried out in an extension project on football training with male children and adolescents (aged between 12 and 15 years). At the beginning of the season, height, body weight, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the Yo-Yo test were evaluated. Jamovi Statistical Software (version 2.5) was used for data analysis. Results: The sample consisted of 11 players, 27.3% aged between 12 and 13 years old and 72.7% aged between 14 and 15 years old. 72.7% of participants had sleep quality considered “good” with an average of 4.27 points according to the completed questionnaire. The average distance covered by the participants was 701.82 meters and all participants were in the “eutrophic” zone indicated by the BMI. There was no statistical correlation between the variables. Conclusion: The athlete's performance is multivariable, not limited to just the association of independent variables, but rather a balance between the parts that make up sports training.

The power capacity of the lower limbs of players in the under-15 and under-17 categories of the Unimontes Football School project

Sun, 24 Aug 2025 06:42:30 -0700

Introduction: In the context of young athletes' sports training, explosive muscular actions such as jumping, running and changing direction are priorities for the competitive success of football players. There is a very common way to evaluate the strength and power of the lower limbs, which is to measure performance in the Vertical Jump (SV). Objective: To compare the vertical jump performance of football players in the under-15 and under-17 categories. Subjects and methods: The present study is a quantitative, observational and cross-sectional research involving adolescent male football players from the under-15 and under-17 categories who participate in the Unimontes football extension project. All vertical jump tests were performed on a contact mat (Jump System Pro Cefise®) connected to a data acquisition system (Jump System 1.0, Cefise®). Student's t test was used to compare the under-15 and under-17 groups. Results: When comparing the two categories, we observed that in the squat jump, the performance of the under-17 was better than that presented by the under-15 (p=0.0008), a result similar to that observed when the athletes performed the countermovement jump (p= 0.004). Conclusion: The study showed that the squat jump and countermovement tests can be used to compare under-15 and under-17 players.

Efficacy of counterattacks by the way possession is recovered in futsal

Samuel Souza Pinto, Rafael Luiz Martins Monteiro, Márcio Pereira Morato — Sun, 24 Aug 2025 06:39:52 -0700

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the counter-attack in a men's futsal team, comparing the way in which possession is recovered (tackles and interceptions) and investigating whether the place where possession is recovered influences the effectiveness of the counter-attack. The data was obtained from the performance analysis reports of a men's futsal team. 145 possession recovery actions were identified, with 56.6% coming from interceptions and 43.4% from tackles. The investigation into the location of possession recovery revealed that the defensive midfield was the most common, but the highest rate of shots on goal occurred in the attacking midfield (60.0%). Although interceptions were more frequent, the effectiveness in generating shots and goals was similar between the two forms of possession recovery.

Defensive organization observation system in football (soodf): construction, validation and pilot stud

Rúben Constantino Ferreira, Davi Correa da Silva, Fabrício Vasconcellos — Sun, 24 Aug 2025 06:37:56 -0700

The aim of this study was to design and validate an observation system to analyse the defensive organisation phase of football teams. Additionally, the study sought to identify the main zones and methods of ball recovery, considering contextual variables related to the type of competition, match location, and partial score. The Defensive Organisation Observation System comprises 21 categories and 152 subcategories, all of which were validated for reliability through intra- and inter-observer agreement using Cohen's Kappa test. A pilot study was conducted with ten home matches and ten away matches of two Portuguese teams competing in the Liga Portugal Bwin and the UEFA Champions League. The primary Zones and Methods of Ball Recovery were analysed according to the contextual variables: Match Location, Type of Competition, and Partial Score. A total of 851 defensive actions were coded and examined. The main Zones of Ball Recovery were situated in the defensive and mid-defensive sectors. Conversely, the primary Methods of Ball Recovery were Interception and Static Situations. The results indicated that Partial Score is the contextual variable with the greatest influence on the Zones and Methods of Ball Recovery, particularly when comparing moments of advantage and disadvantage on the scoreboard. The study concludes that the defensive success of teams in terms of the zone and method of ball recovery is associated with consistency and regularity in their actions, enabling them to recover the ball consistently in similar zones and by similar means.

Caracterização do processo ofensivo em equipes de futsal universitário

Sun, 24 Aug 2025 06:35:16 -0700

The pursuit of improving team performance in futsal has motivated researchers and professionals to delve deeper into the sport's strategic and tactical issues. Many studies have already been conducted on the types of attacks that most often result in goals in professional futsal; however, little is known about these characteristics in the context of university futsal. The aim of this study was to characterize the most commonly used offensive strategies and their effectiveness, as well as to identify the areas of the court from which most goals are generated and the effectiveness of shots from these regions in games of university futsal teams, both female and male. Nine games of a women's team and nine games of a men's university futsal team were analyzed, and an assessment was made of the types of attack and areas of the court from which the teams analyzed and their opponents generated goals. Positional attack, followed by offensive transition, were the types of attack that most frequently led to shots, with offensive transition being the most effective type of attack for the teams analyzed. Set pieces appeared as a complementary category, present in all games but in smaller numbers. Exclusion attacks, goalkeeper-line, and line-goalkeeper were situational types of attack, appearing in only a portion of the games. Central and near-goal regions showed the highest conversion rate of shots into goals.

“What is Marta doing there?”: post about the 2024 Olympic Games on ge.globo

Letícia Rodrigues Teixeira e Silva, Wesley Marques da Silva — Sun, 24 Aug 2025 06:33:23 -0700

The objective of this research was to analyze the content of a post on the ge.globo Instagram page, considering its cultural representations of the 2024 Olympic Games. A specific post was chosen because it was the first meme that featured achievements and frustrations of athletes representing Brazil in the 2024 Olympic Games. This is a qualitative field research with a netnographic basis, which used a logbook and non-participant observation. The data collection locus was ge.globo's Instagram. Analytical coding and hermeneutic interpretation were used in the analyses. The post analyzed presents hierarchies of achievements, sports categories, and gender. When considering the meanings of cultural manifestations represented in virtuality, Marta's presence demystifies the democratic and egalitarian nature of high-performance sports.

The effect of french contrast exercises applied for six weeks on sprint and vertical jump performance in football players

Sun, 24 Aug 2025 06:31:27 -0700

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of French Contrast training method applied for six weeks on sprint and vertical jump performance in football players. The research was conducted in experimental research model. A total of 20 people, 10 in the experimental group and 10 in the control group, voluntarily participated in the study. French Contrast training method exercises were applied to the experimental group twice a week for six weeks with 72 hours intervals. Limited rest (10 seconds) was given between exercises and four-five minutes rest was given between each set. The 30 m. sprint test and vertical jump tests were performed before and 6 weeks after the programme. SPSS 25.0 for Windows statistical package programme was used for the analysis of the data obtained. Wilcoxon signed-rank test, one of the non-parametric tests, was applied to look at the difference between the pre-test and post-test and the significance level was tested with p<.05. There is a statistically significant difference between 30 m. sprint pre-test and post-test for the experimental group (p=.00). Again, there is a statistically significant difference between vertical jump pre-test and post-test for the experimental group (p=.00). For the control group, there was no statistically significant difference in both 30 m. sprint performance (p=.57) and vertical jump performance (p=.64). A positive effect was observed in the sprint and vertical jump performances of football players as a result of the French Contrast training method applied two days a week for six weeks.

Football in the context of urban spaces

Agnaldo Kupper — Sun, 24 Aug 2025 06:29:35 -0700

Football gained progressive centrality in urban spaces, alternating moments of calm and great agitation. Even the game's material equipment (fields, stadiums and arenas) mark references and convergences in small, medium or large cities, especially in countries with great attachment to the practice, such as Brazil. As it quickly democratizes and becomes popular, football stimulates disputes over spaces and marks urban symbolisms, largely due to the meanings attributed to the game by individuals and the political, economic, cultural and social dynamics that the sport provides.

Comparative analysis of physical preparation in football: approaches between men vs. Women from the perspective of coaches

Bruna Salomão, Enzo Paim Constâncio, Izabela A. Santos — Sun, 24 Aug 2025 06:27:09 -0700

Background: There is evidence supporting the fact that football is the most popular sport worldwide, played by individuals of different ages and genders. However, regarding physical preparation, the real differences between genders remain unclear. Objective: To analyze whether there are differences in physical preparation between female and male football categories from the perspective of physical trainers and to identify the profile of these professionals and aspects of their daily work in both categories. Materials and Methods: Twenty-one physical trainers were recruited, with ten working in male football and 11 in female football. Upon agreeing to participate in the study, they answered a questionnaire with 17 objective questions focused on their personal and professional profiles based on practical experiences in the field. Results: The physical trainers have an average age of 48,8 years in the male category and 40,45 in the female category, mainly work in MG and SP, have more years at their clubs and in the profession in the female category, mostly hold a college degree, and attend 1-3 courses per year for updates. There was consensus regarding the use of strength training for injury prevention and load control in both categories. Discussion: Social and economic factors may impact the profile of physical trainers, reflecting on their preparation methods. Conclusion: Physical trainers identify psychological challenges as the most significant in female football, while both psychological and social challenges are equally important in male football; there is a predominance of male professionals in both categories and a consensus on the importance of load control.

State-led development and transformation of sports in Morocco: lessons for other África countries

John Chimezie Onu, Kelechi Johnmary Ani — Sun, 24 Aug 2025 06:25:12 -0700

This paper investigates the development and transformation of sport in Morocco with special focus on the strategies used, impacts recorded so far and the challenges confronting the sustainability of sport development and transformation in Morocco. It equally captured what African countries can learn from the Moroccan model. This paper made use of the state led development theory to access the role state government of Morocco has played and continues to play in the development and transformation of the sport sector in Morocco. Data from both government and non-governmental bodies were collected and analyzed. Journal articles, book chapters, online newspapers, government and non-governmental websites were consulted during the course of this research work. The key findings of this paper is centered on the role of the star government in driving key development outcomes. Although, irrespective of this and the occasioned impacts, there abound challenges confronting sport development and transformation in Morocco. Therefore, both authors recommended on the need to invest heavily on women football and to diversify the gains of sport development and transformation from football to other sports for a sustainable sport development and transformation.

Offensive phase completion of ‘pep’ guardiola: F.C. Barcelona vs Manchester City

Sun, 24 Aug 2025 06:20:20 -0700

This study aims to analyze and compare, through observational methodology, the completion sequences of two teams managed by coach Pep Guardiola - F.C. Barcelona and Manchester City - during their two highest-scoring league seasons until the start of the study (2011/2012 and 2018/2019 respectively). To achieve this, three levels of success in their actions were identified: plays ending in a goal, a shot, or a pass into the penalty area. The sample consisted of 20 matches, ten from each team, against the strongest opponents in each competition. A quantitative data analysis was conducted using Pearson's Chi-square statistic (χ²) to compare the actions that ended in the success criteria and those that did not. The results indicate that F.C. Barcelona was able to score in 2.6% of their offensive actions, while Manchester City did so in 1.8% of their sequences. Additionally, significant differences were observed in the elaboration, density, and duration of plays that ended with a pass into the penalty area, with a more elaborate, dense, and longer-lasting style of play for the Spanish team. The study's conclusions suggest that, although both teams exhibit similarities in the frequency of success in shots and goals, there are key differences in the complexity and structure of their offensive plays, reflecting the tendencies of both teams in their approach to attacking the opponent's goal.

The relative age effect in the FIFA u17 world cup: differences in player positions, continental and tournament results

Hasan Sözen, Deniz Hendekci — Sun, 24 Aug 2025 06:18:36 -0700

The research group consisted of 504 male footballers from 24 countries participating in the FIFA U-17 World Cup organized in Indonesia in 2023. The footballers were divided into four categories according to their positions as goalkeeper (n:72), defense (n:163), midfield (n:150), and striker (n:119) and six categories according to their continents as Africa (n:84), Asia (n:105), Europe (n:105), North and Central America (n:84), Oceania (n:42) and South America (n:84). The statistical data used in this study were obtained from the official website of the International Association of Football Associations (FIFA) www.fifa.com and www.fifatrainingcentre.com. From these websites, data such as players' names and surnames, dates of birth, countries, continents, and positions they played were included in the study. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 23.0 package program and the statistical significance level was accepted as p<0.05. According to the findings obtained from the study, there were differences in the continents, countries, and positions played by the players according to both quarter and half-year birth dates. It can be said that coaches and scouts working especially for lower age groups should be aware of the relative age effect and consider the relative age effect when evaluating the abilities of athletes in the developmental stage. In addition, as stated in previous studies, it can be stated that as the chronological age progresses, the relative age effect decreases at A team levels and other factors come into play.

Futsal characteristics present in the sporting training of players from ceará sub-20 football teams

Sun, 24 Aug 2025 06:16:37 -0700

This research combines quantitative and qualitative approaches. A questionnaire with 12 closed questions was administered to 86 players from three teams that took part in the 2023 Ceará U20 Football Championship. The results showed that the majority of the participants (86.2%) practiced/trained futsal before starting football; 34.5% of the players trained futsal until they were 15 years old; 32.2% of the players started training futsal in sports/training schools; 88.5% said that futsal could be the best start for a professional footballer; 67.8% had no difficulties in the transition from futsal to football; and 14.9% had difficulties in the transition to football, pointing to the size of the pitch as the main adaptation problem. The research concluded that futsal is a sport that is present in the sports training of the football players who took part in this study and that it can be an introductory sport for those who want to pursue a career as a football player.

Effect of a level 1 plyometric training program applied to youth football players fifa sale

Huber Yovanny Cuaspa Burgos — Sun, 24 Aug 2025 00:00:00 -0700

Futsal or futsal (FIFA) as a sport demands a series of technical and tactical dynamics where explosive force is decisive for the players. The general objective of the study was to determine the effect of the explosive strength of the lower body in futsal players when intervening in a plyometric training program (PEP) level 1. The study is contextualized in the municipality of Pasto, capital of the department of Nariño, Colombia. The subjects involved in the process belong to the Talleres M&C Sports Club, and have an average age of 16.28 ± .895 (years); Regarding the playing positions, there are 2 goalkeepers (11.1%), 8 closing players (44.4%), 5 forward players (27.8%) and 3 centers (16.7%); Regarding average anthropometric variables, they show a body weight of 57.78 ± 4.50 (kgs), height 1.68 ± .041 (cms), body mass index of 20.40 ± 1.41 (kg/m² ) and a body fat percentage of 9.15 ± 1.14 (%). The study was aligned from a quantitative approach, longitudinal descriptive type with pre-experimental design (G1: O1 X O2). All participating athletes were evaluated at two moments before and after training using the Squat Jump (SJ) vertical jump test using the My Jump 2 app for mobile devices (Balsalobre et al., 2015). The group of players (n=18) performed a PEP level 1 for four weeks based on the concepts and organizational methods of plyometric training by Anselmi (2007). The Shapiro-Wilk test (N< 50) was used to verify the normality of the data, significance (p-value) > α=0.05. Once the normality tests were obtained, the parametric T-Student test was applied for related samples, comparing the pre- and post-test changes in the response variables corresponding to the vertical jump height (SJ) considering a level of significance (p-value) ≤ α=0.05. The results indicate a higher average post-test vertical jump height (SJ) of 27.67 ± 4.51 (cm) compared to the pre-test 24.19 ± 4.46 (cm); with an average paired difference of 3.48278 ±2.92753 (cm). With a 95% confidence interval, the difference indicates a significance value of .000, allowing us to accept (H1), which allows us to conclude that the PEP level 1 intervention has positive effects on explosive strength in the lower body in football players. Talleres M&C club room.

Women’s football: conquest or concession for interests?

Agnaldo Kupper — Sun, 25 May 2025 04:58:29 -0700

From an analysis of various articles from newspapers and periodicals and books and articles related to the topic, it can be seen that the historic presence of women in the world of sports - particularly football - indicates a trajectory permeated by power relations and domination masculine, linked to a history of prohibitions and prejudices, in an allegation of biological “masculinization” due to the supposed demand of the footballer for gifts that, culturally, are considered virile, such as strength and speed, seen supposedly as exclusive attributes of men. So far, perhaps no big news. However, in the new times that portend achievements and new visions, the predictions, whether in sports management, investments or in circulating discourses, remain, although they progressively dissipate. In contemporary times, in correspondence with media and capitalist interests, women's football is emerging, although along paths that are still arduous. Victory of the resistance of the hitherto renegades or the interest of the system that sees the modality as yet another path to possible new monetary gains?

Literature review on brazilian studies on performance analyst in football

Sun, 25 May 2025 04:57:52 -0700

The performance analyst is a role within the coaching staff that has grown and gained more and more relevance in recent years, especially in Brazil. Therefore, the objective of this work is to investigate and describe articles in the literature that explore the theme “performance analyst” in Brazilian football. For this, an overview review was carried out in CAPES journals, from the year 2000 to 2023. In this way, 3 articles were found that, based on a critical description of the articles found, it was understood that the performance analysis It can be a tool for qualifying the training of young football players, but it is necessary for the analyst to see their practice from a pedagogical perspective, allowing us to conclude that more studies are needed to delve deeper into this area that is so important for the development of football.

Word clouds in a specialized scientific journal about futsal and football

Antonio Coppi Navarro, Antonio Manuel Leal Ferreira Mendonça Fonseca — Sun, 25 May 2025 04:56:23 -0700

Objective: To verify the frequency and tendency in the attribution of keywords used by the authors of scientific articles over 15 years about futsal and football in a specialized journal. Materials and Methods: Quantitative study of bibliometric. Currently, one of the greatest contributions of bibliometrics is the possibility of identifying an overview of phenomena, trends, and regularities in the dissemination of scientific knowledge production. After accessing the journal's website, all keywords from the 15 volumes and 63 issues from 2009 to 2023 were collected. The Excel software was used as instruments to quantify the frequency of keywords and to create the word cloud. The subscription-based access application, ChatGPT Plus plan, from OpenAI, ChatGPT version 4 in 2025, was used. Results: In its 15 years of existence, it has published/disclosed 15 volumes, 63 issues, 839 articles, 831 authors, and 3083 keywords. The 10 keywords most used by the authors were football, futsal, sports, athletes, goals, performance, anthropometry, training, motivation, and adolescents. Discussion: These results are innovative in the field of production, publication/dissemination of scientific knowledge in the context of scientific communication, in the object of this investigation, which is the use of keywords used by the authors, the producers of knowledge, about futsal and football in a specialized journal to identify the trend in this series of 15 volumes. Conclusion: Finally, this distribution, frequency with which the words appear per edition volume and over the course of 15 years of this journal specialized in futsal and football, expresses a trend, to date, of what is considered the object of investigation and publication/dissemination by the authors of the scientific articles.

The influence of futsal on the performance of players from Ceará's under-20 football teams in their sporting education

Sun, 25 May 2025 04:54:50 -0700

This work is and aims to verify the influence or not of futsal, on performance (technique, tactics and physical) of under 20 players from Ceará teams, in their sports training for football. It is research that combines quantitative and qualitative study. As a research instrument, a questionnaire with 12 closed questions was applied to 86 players, from three teams, who participated in the 2023 Cearense Under 20 Football Championship. The results showed that 86.2% of the athletes investigated trained in futsal, in their training. Sports. Futsal contributed to their technical, tactical and physical training for football, with an emphasis on improving passing, driving and dribbling, decision-making and understanding the game, agility and motor coordination. The research concluded that futsal is a sport that can contribute to the comprehensive training of football players, as it develops skills and competencies that are transferable to the field, and that can be used as a means of teaching and training football.

Characterization of footvolley game actions in the elite men's team in Brazil

Sun, 25 May 2025 04:54:10 -0700

Footvolley originated in Brazil, and since then the sport has spread throughout the world. Game analysis makes it possible to identify aspects that allow coaches and athletes to understand determining factors for increasing sports performance. This study aims to describe and characterize the game actions of professional footvolley athletes. A multidimensional nomothetic notational analysis was performed. 15 games from the “male professional” category were analyzed, using the VLC media player 3.0.8 software. The study variables were: set played, number of touches, type of attack, attack zone, result of the attack and effect of the serve. The chi-square test of independence and the chi-square test of adherence were calculated. The main results were: most matches do not have a third set; teams have approximately the same number of shares; pairs mostly use three touches; head attacks and shark attacks are the most used. The main evidence shows that the shark attack is the most effective, followed by the head attack. Using 3 touches to carry out the attack is the most effective, as their use allows the duo to attack in better conditions. At the Brazilian professional level, the shark attack is the most effective attack, the best region to carry out the attack is the one closest to the net and using 3 touches to carry out the attack also makes it more effective.

Effect of the congested schedule on the physical performance of football players participating in the Brazilian u-17 championship

Sun, 25 May 2025 04:53:35 -0700

Football is a physiologically complex sport that requires multiple skills from its athletes (technical, tactical, mental, and physical), and has been the subject of frequent research aimed at advancing knowledge about the sport to positively impact team performance and reduce injury risks. In modern football, elite clubs play a large number of matches throughout a season, sometimes with short intervals between games, leading to a congested schedule. This study aimed to compare physical performance variables when a team plays one or more matches within a week. The sample consisted of players from a club in the state of Rio de Janeiro who participated in the Brazilian Under-17 Championship in 2021. Anthropometric analysis (body mass, height, and body fat percentage) was conducted using a stadiometer and bioelectrical impedance. Physical performance analyses (total distance covered, density, and distance at high speed) were measured using GPS technology. No significant differences were found in total distance covered (r= -0.2658; p=0.33), density (r= -0.5120; p=0.05), and total distance covered at high intensity (r= -0.3973; p=0.14) when comparing intervals between matches of five days or less with intervals longer than five days. The results suggest that the number of days between matches does not influence the analyzed parameters of physical performance.

Time analysis of goals in the paulista women’s football championship in 2023

Sun, 25 May 2025 04:52:41 -0700

Introduction: Introduction: The analysis of the temporal incidence of goals is crucial to understand the critical moments of matches and inform training strategies and game tactics. Objective: To analyze the temporal incidence of goals during the Paulista Women's Football Championship in the year 2023. Materials and methods: Data available on the official website of the Confederação Paulista de Futebol were collected. The official game time (90 minutes) in addition, the goals were collected every 15 minutes, thus generating 6 intervals. Statistical analyzes were performed using the Krusk-Walls test with post hoc D’ums. Results: There was no significant difference between the number of goals scored in the first and second half, whereas in the time intervals analyzed, there was a lower number of goals scored in the 45-minute interval until the end of the first half compared to the other intervals. Conclusion: The 2023 Campeonato Paulista Feminino analyzed showed that first-half stoppage time (45) is the period with the lowest number of goals scored.

Thematic clipping on scientific production regarding women's futsal in the field of physical education: 2012 to 2022

Sun, 25 May 2025 04:52:03 -0700

The futsal sport is a modality that over time has undergone modifications and updates that have made the game increasingly faster and more dynamic, forcing adaptations in the structures of training and games. Futsal is one of the striking representations of Brazilian sporting culture, permeating various aspects of life, from street games to major sporting events. Despite this, in addition to women's futsal fighting for the structuring of the sport, it faces prejudice that still exists due to gender stereotypes and sexist forms that occur in the sport's environment. The objective of the study was to map the production of knowledge about women's futsal in 5 Brazilian scientific journals in the area of physical education. Scientific articles published over a 10-year period, from 2012 to 2022, were selected. The descriptors ‘female’ AND ‘futsal’ was used for the search. 12 articles were included in the present study. Based on the data, it is noted that the number of scientific articles published on women's futsal is low, and there is a need for more publications on the sport.

Analysis of goals scored in turkey e-sports football league: How is it different from real competitions?

Halil Türktemiz, Halil Orbay Çobanoğlu — Sun, 25 May 2025 04:51:07 -0700

The aim of this study was to analyze the goals scored in the Turkish E-Sports Football League in three seasons. A total of 1016 goals scored in 348 competitions played in three seasons in the Turkish E-Sports Football League were evaluated. Nine different criteria were used in the evaluation of the goals. SPSS 25 package program was used for statistical analysis of the data obtained. Frequency and percentage, which are descriptive statistics, were used in the analysis of the data. As a result of the research, it was observed that 219 (21,5%) of the 1016 goals scored in the Turkey E-Sports Football League were scored between 76-90 minutes and 255 (73,2%) teams that scored the first goal in 348 competitions won the competition. In the Turkey E-Sports Football League, 925 (91%) goals were scored as a result of organised attacks and 67 (73,6%) of the set-piece goals were scored from penalties. In the Turkey E-Sports Football League, 615 (60,5%) of the goals scored were scored with a single shot. It is observed that 984 (96,8%) of the goals scored in Turkey E-Sports Football League were scored from inside the penalty area and 938 (92,3%) of the goals were scored with a foot strike. It was observed that 693 (68,2%) goals scored in the Turkey E-Sports Football League were scored from the 3rd zone defined inside the penalty area and 201 (24,3%) assists were scored from the 9th zone defined outside the penalty area. It is seen that real football competitions and E-Sports football competitions are similar according to the analysis results.

The effect of financial support of the first companion brand in social media on the quality of brand-consumer relationship and brand-consumer compliance in iranian premier football league

Vahid Bakhshalipour , Bisotoon Azizi, Siavash Khodaparast , Maziyar Kalashi — Sun, 25 May 2025 04:45:24 -0700

Introduction: The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of supporting the first financial brand in social media on the quality of the brand-consumer relationship and brand-consumer compliance in Iranian premier football league. Materials and Methods: The current thesis was used in terms of intent, and the data was collected using descriptive survey research. This study's statistical demographic included both Iranian Premier League fans and spectators. Standard questionnaires were used to evaluate the study theories, and structural equation simulation with SPSS and Smart pls applications was used to collect data. Result: The results showed Hamrahe aval brand Financial Support of sports activities in social media had a significant relationship with brand-consumer compliance and brand-consumer relationship quality (p˂0.05). Conclusion: To sum up, as Hamrahe Aval brand sponsorship of sports activities in social media and brand-consumer compliance increase, the brand-consumer relationship quality will improve. By recognizing the importance of brand value and its influence on customer loyalty, sport managers investigate and invest in influencing factors such as social media advertising and creating brand awareness.